Rethinking ‘Drop-in’ Biofuels

Upgrading Lignocellulosic Products to Drop-In Biofuels via Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling and Hydrodeoxygenation Sequence.

Life-cycle analysis (LCA) allows the scientific community to identify the sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of novel routes to produce renewable fuels. Herein, we integrate LCA into our investigations of a new route to produce drop-in diesel/jet fuel by combining furfural, obtained from the catalytic dehydration of lignocellulosic pentose sugars, with alcohols that can be derived from a...

Biofuels

The global energy market provides humans with about 370 exajoules of energy per year, which is equivalent to about 170 million barrels of oil per day (Box 1) or about 11.73 terrawatts (TW) per hour [1]. Approximately 95% of this energy comes from fossil fuels. Additionally, the International Energy Agency suggests that direct combustion of plant biomass provides about one-third of the energy ne...

Rethinking one of criminology’s ‘brute facts’: The age–crime curve and the crime drop in Scotland

Examining annual variation in the age–crime curve as a way to better understand the recent crime drop, this paper explores how the age distribution of convicted offending changed for men and women in Scotland between 1989 and 2011. This analysis employs shaded contour plots as a method of visualizing annual change in the age–crime curve. Similar to recent findings from the USA, we observed fall...

Enzymes in Biofuels Production

1Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, UAEU, Al-Ain 17555, UAE 2Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India 3Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand 4Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaysia, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 5Department of Grain Science and In...

Rethinking Philosophy in an Oriental Way